GHS Label Requirements for Hazardous Materials & Chemical Labeling The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) standardizes how hazardous materials are classified and communicated. It enables quick hazard recognition, improves label consistency across regions, and promotes safer handling in regulated environments. In sectors like biotech, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices, using a GHS-compliant label helps minimize confusion, reduce exposure risks, and meet regulatory expectations. Under OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS 1910.1200), GHS labeling is required for workplace chemicals. Clear labeling helps teams avoid mistakes, respond faster to hazards, and stay aligned during storage, transport, and internal transfers. What Are the Requirements for Chemical Labels? GHS label requirements include six key elements that must appear on any hazardous chemical container. These components provide clear information about the chemical’s identity, risks, safe handling, and supplier details. Labels must be easy to read, placed visibly on the container, and written in English. Each element plays a specific role in hazard communication and workplace safety. 6 Required GHS Label Elements Product Identifiers The product identifier names the chemical or mixture inside the container. This may include the chemical name, code number, or batch number. It must match the name listed in Section 1 of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) to avoid confusion during audits or emergency response. Product identifiers allow workers and inspectors to confirm what's in the container without opening it. In shared workspaces or high-turnover environments, this prevents mix-ups that could lead to unsafe exposure or process errors. GHS Pictograms GHS pictograms are visual symbols that indicate the type of hazard a chemical poses. Each symbol appears in a red diamond with a black icon, helping workers quickly identify health, physical, or environmental risks. There are nine GHS pictograms in total. OSHA requires eight for workplace labeling. The environmental pictogram is optional under OSHA but may be needed for international shipments or environmental compliance. Clear pictograms make it easier to spot hazards on the floor, during storage, or in transport. They provide immediate recognition without needing to read through the full label. Signal Words Signal words are used to indicate the relative severity of a chemical hazard. GHS uses only two: “Danger” and “Warning.” These words appear prominently on the label and help communicate how urgent or serious the risk is. “Danger” is used for more severe hazards, while “Warning” applies to less serious risks. Only one signal word may appear on a label, and “Danger” always takes priority if both apply. Choosing the correct signal word is part of aligning the label with the chemical’s classification. It also helps users make fast decisions about PPE, storage, and handling procedures. Hazard Statements Hazard statements describe the nature of the chemical hazard and, when appropriate, the degree of risk involved. These are standardized phrases assigned to each hazard class and category under GHS. Examples include “Causes serious eye irritation” or “Flammable liquid and vapor.” The wording cannot be altered and must match the classification listed in the SDS. Precautionary Statements Precautionary statements explain how to minimize or prevent adverse effects from handling a chemical. They cover areas like storage, disposal, first aid, and protective measures. Examples include “Wear protective gloves” or “Store in a well-ventilated place.” These statements are also standardized and must align with the chemical's hazard classification. Only the most relevant statements should appear on the label to avoid clutter and keep the information actionable. Supplier Identification Supplier identification includes the name, address, and phone number of the manufacturer, importer, or distributor responsible for the chemical. This information must appear on the label to meet GHS label requirements. It provides a point of contact for safety questions, product details, or emergencies related to the material. The information must remain up to date and visible on all labeled containers. Label Placement and Durability Considerations for GHS Compliance Follow these best practices to help meet GHS label requirements and maintain workplace safety: Place labels in visible locations. Avoid areas that may be blocked by equipment, shelving, or packaging. Labels must be easy to see during normal use. Use the right label material. Standard paper labels often fail when exposed to chemicals, cold, or abrasion. Choose chemical-resistant or cryogenic labels for harsh environments. Check label adhesion. Make sure the label stays firmly attached to the surface. Poor adhesion increases the risk of damage or loss during storage or handling. Keep the label clean and legible. Dirt, condensation, and chemical splashes can make labels unreadable. Wipe surfaces before applying and inspect regularly. Test label durability in real conditions. Before rolling out new label stock, test it on actual containers in your facility to confirm performance. Understanding GHS Labels for Primary and Secondary Containers Not all containers are labeled the same way. GHS labeling requirements apply to both primary and secondary containers, but the expectations differ depending on how the chemical is used and transferred. GHS Labels for Primary Containers Primary containers are the original packaging from the manufacturer or distributor. These must display the full GHS label, including all six required elements: product identifier, pictograms, signal word, hazard statements, precautionary statements, and supplier identification. These labels must remain intact and readable throughout the life of the container. If a label is damaged or removed, it must be replaced immediately using the same information from the SDS. GHS Labels for Secondary Containers Secondary containers are used when chemicals are transferred from the original container into another vessel for use or storage. These include bottles, spray jars, and temporary holding containers used on the floor or in the lab. GHS labels for secondary containers must still identify the product and communicate its hazards, but the full six-element label is not always required. OSHA allows abbreviated labels if: The chemical stays under the control of the person who transferred it It is used within the same work shift The container is not left unattended If those conditions are not met, the secondary container must carry a full GHS-compliant label. Many facilities apply full labels by default to avoid relying on workshift exceptions. How to Create a GHS Compliant Label Use the SDS to pull the required label elements. Section 1 covers product and supplier information. Section 2 includes hazard classification details, including pictograms, signal words, and standardized statements. A compliant label should include: Product identifier One applicable pictogram or more “Danger” or “Warning” Hazard and precautionary statements Supplier contact information Select materials that match the container’s environment. In-house teams may use labeling software connected to SDS databases. For more complex needs, many turn to GMP Labeling for materials designed to meet GHS label requirements in regulated facilities. GMP Labeling Expert Guidance and Solutions for Regulatory Adherence GMP Labeling supplies GHS-compliant labels that meet the demands of regulated facilities. Our materials hold up in chemical exposure, freezing temperatures, and high-touch environments. Clients rely on us for stock and custom solutions that align with their labeling processes. We help teams choose the right format, material, and print method for safe, consistent communication. Reach out to a specialist to learn more today.